Emergence of strong exchange interaction in the actinide series:: The driving force for magnetic stabilization of curium

Using electron energy-loss spectroscopy, many-electron atomic spectral calculations, and density functional theory, we show that angular-momentum coupling in the 5f states plays a decisive role in the formation of the magnetic moment in Cm metal. The 5f states of Cm in intermediate coupling are strongly shifted towards the LS coupling limit due to exchange interaction, unlike most actinide elements where the effective spin-orbit interaction prevails. Hund's rule coupling is the key to producing the large spin polarization that dictates the newly found crystal structure of Cm under pressure.