Journal
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
Volume 86, Issue 19, Pages 9554-9562Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/ac5019205
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Funding
- Ministerio de Educacion Ciencia [CTQ2009-14428-C02-01, CTQ2009-14428-C02-02]
- Junta de Andalucia, Spain [P10-TIC-5997, P10-PQM-5974]
- European Regional Development Funds (ERDF)
- University of Granada, Spain [PYR-2012-12]
- Science Foundation Ireland under CLARITY CSET award [07/CE/11147)]
- Science Foundation Ireland under INSIGHT Award [SFI/12/RC/2289]
- Gobierno Vasco, Dpto. Industria, Innovacion, Comercio y Turismo under ETORTEK [IE12-328IE13-360]
- Ramon y Cajal Programme (Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad)
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In this work, an Android application for measurement of nitrite concentration and pH determination in combination with a low-cost paper-based microfluidic device is presented. The application uses seven sensing areas, containing the corresponding immobilized reagents, to produce selective color changes when a sample solution is placed in the sampling area. Under controlled conditions of light, using the flash of the smartphone as a light source, the image captured with the built-in camera is processed using a customized algorithm for multidetection of the colored sensing areas. The developed image-processing allows reducing the influence of the light source and the positioning of the microfluidic device in the picture. Then, the H (hue) and S (saturation) coordinates of the HSV color space are extracted and related to pH and nitrite concentration, respectively. A complete characterization of the sensing elements has been carried out as well as a full description of the image analysis for detection. The results show good use of a mobile phone as an analytical instrument. For the pH, the resolution obtained is 0.04 units of pH, 0.09 of accuracy, and a mean squared error of 0.167. With regard to nitrite, 0.51% at 4.0 mg L-1 of resolution and 0.52 mg L-1 as the limit of detection was achieved.
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