Journal
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
Volume 86, Issue 20, Pages 10437-10444Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/ac502955w
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Funding
- National Research Foundation, Singapore [NRF-NRFF2012-04]
- Nanyang Technological University's start-up grant
- A*STAR, Singapore
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The ultratrace detection and quantification of toxins in both water and organic liquids remains a challenge due to the random spreading and dilution of liquids on substrate-based sensors, especially for organic liquids with low surface tension. Herein, we fabricate a superhydrophobic-oleophobic (SHP-OP) 3D Ag nanowire mesh-like surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) platform to overcome the random spreading issue, demonstrating ultratrace toxin sensing in both water and organic liquid. Our SHP-OP SERS platform is able to concentrate analyte solutions in water and toluene to 100-fold and 8-fold smaller areas, respectively, as compared to its omniphilic counterparts. The synergy of analyte-concentrating ability and intense SERS-enhancing properties on our SHP-OP SERS platform enables quantitative and ultratrace detection of melamine and Sudan I down to 0.1 fmol in water and toluene, respectively, using just 1 mu L of analyte solution. These detection limits are 10(3)-fold lower than the regulatory limits, clearly indicating our SHP-OP SERS platform as an appealing universal ultratrace toxin sensor. The ultratrace detection of spiked melamine in liquid milk down to 100 fmol also highlights the suitability of our SHP-OP SERS platform for the sensing of food toxins in real samples.
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