Journal
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
Volume 195, Issue 12, Pages 1779-1788Publisher
OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC
DOI: 10.1086/518249
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Funding
- NIAID NIH HHS [K23 AI067501, L30 AI057621] Funding Source: Medline
- NICHD NIH HHS [R21 HD043964-01] Funding Source: Medline
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Background. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection is the most common respiratory viral infection resulting in hospitalizations in infants worldwide. Illness severity is likely multifactorial; however, unlike other viral infections, both type 1 and type 2 cytokine responses have been implicated in severe disease. Methods. We measured RSV-specific cytokine responses ex vivo during primary RSV infection in the blood of 18 infants with polymerase chain reaction - confirmed RSV infection. To focus on primary RSV infection, subjects were all ! 9 months old. RSV-specific cytokine responses were measured at 3 time points during acute primary RSV infection and at 1 memory time point 3 - 6 months later. Results. RSV-specific interferon (IFN)-gamma responses were detected in 10 of 18 of infants. Infants with mild disease had higher RSV-specific IFN-gamma memory responses than did those with moderate or severe disease. No consistent correlations between RSV-specific IFN-gamma responses and corticosteroid administration were observed. RSV-specific interleukin (IL)-4 or IL-5 responses to primary RSV infection were detectable in 5 of 18 and 8 of 15 infants, respectively. Conclusions. During primary RSV infection, many infants demonstrated RSV-specific IFN-gamma responses. The strongest IL-4 and IL-5 responses were detected in 3 infants with severe disease, suggesting that type 2 responses may contribute to the pathogenesis of severe disease.
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