Determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in aqueous samples by microwave assisted headspace solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography/flame ionization detection

The novel pretreatment technique, microwave-assisted heating coupled to headspace solid-phase microextraction (MA-HS-SPME) has been studied for one-step in situ sample preparation for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in aqueous samples before gas chromatography/flame ionization detection (GC/FID). The PAHs evaporated into headspace with the water by microwave irradiation, and absorbed directly on a SPME fiber in the headspace. After being desorbed from the SPME fiber in the GC injection port, PAHs were analyzed by GC/FID. Parameters affecting extraction efficiency, such as SPME fiber coating, adsorption temperature, microwave power and irradiation time, and desorption conditions were investigated. Experimental results indicated that extraction of 20 mL aqueous sample containing PAHs at optional pH, by microwave irradiation with effective power 145 W for 30 min (the same as the extraction time), and collection with a 65 mu m PDMS/DVB fiber at 20 degrees C circular cooling water to control sampling temperature, resulted in the best extraction efficiency. Optimum desorption of PAHs from the SPME fiber in the GC hot injection port was achieved at 290 degrees C for 5 min. The method was developed using spiked water sample such as field water with a range of 0.1-200 mu g/L PAHs. Detection limits varied from 0.03 to 1.0 mu g/L for different PAHs based on S/N = 3 and the relative standard deviations for repeatability were <13%. A real sample was collected from the scrubber water of an incineration system. PAHs of two to three rings were measured with concentrations varied from 0.35 to 7.53 mu g/L. Recovery was more than 88% and R.S.D. was less than 17%. The proposed method is a simple, rapid, and organic solvent-free procedure for determination of PAHs in wastewater. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.