Journal
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
Volume 85, Issue 18, Pages 8780-8786Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/ac4017852
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Funding
- U.S. National Institutes of Health [R03-DA027969]
- National Science Foundation [CAREER CHE 1151264]
- National Science Foundation through a N.C. Louis Stokes Alliance for Minority Participation Fellowship
- U.S. Department Of Education Graduate Assistance In Areas Of National Need (GAANN) Fellowship
- Direct For Mathematical & Physical Scien
- Division Of Chemistry [1151264] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
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Neurotransmission occurs on a millisecond time scale, but conventional methods for monitoring nonelectroactive neurochemicals are limited by slow sampling rates. Despite a significant global market, a sensor capable of measuring the dynamics of rapidly fluctuating, nonelectroactive molecules at a single recording site with high sensitivity, electrochemical selectivity, and a subsecond response time is still lacking. To address this need, we have enabled the real-time detection of dynamic glucose fluctuations in live brain tissue using background-subtracted, fast-scan cyclic voltammetry. The novel microbiosensor consists of a simple carbon fiber surface modified with an electrodeposited chitosan hydrogel encapsulating glucose oxidase. The selectivity afforded by voltammetry enables quantitative and qualitative measurements of enzymatically generated H2O2 without the need for additional strategies to eliminate interfering agents. The microbiosensors possess a sensitivity and limit of detection for glucose of 19.4 +/- 0.2 nA mM(-1) and 13.1 +/- 0.7 mu M, respectively. They are stable, even under deviations from physiological normoxic conditions, and show minimal interference from endogenous electroactive substances. Using this approach, we have quantitatively and selectively monitored pharmacologically evoked glucose fluctuations with unprecedented chemical and spatial resolution. Furthermore, this novel biosensing strategy is widely applicable to the immobilization of any H2O2 producing enzyme, enabling rapid monitoring of many nonelectroactive enzyme substrates.
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