Journal
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
Volume 85, Issue 14, Pages 6553-6560Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/ac401573r
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Funding
- National Science Foundation [CBET-1066531]
- NIH IMSD program
- UCSD William J. von Liebig Center under the DOE
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [21005070]
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The present work describes the first example of real-time noninvasive lactate sensing in human perspiration during exercise events using a flexible printed temporary-transfer tattoo electrochemical biosensor that conforms to the wearer's skin. The new skin-worn enzymatic biosensor exhibits chemical selectivity toward lactate with linearity up to 20 mM and demonstrates resiliency against continuous mechanical deformation expected from epidermal wear. The device was applied successfully to human subjects for real-time continuous monitoring of sweat lactate dynamics during prolonged cycling exercise. The resulting temporal lactate profiles reflect changes in the production of sweat lactate upon varying the exercise intensity. Such skin-worn metabolite biosensors could lead to useful insights into physical performance and overall physiological status, hence offering considerable promise for diverse sport, military, and biomedical applications.
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