Journal
JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY
Volume 93, Issue 1, Pages 103-115Publisher
AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC
DOI: 10.1037/0022-3514.93.1.103
Keywords
anger; contempt; attack; exclusion; social functions
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This article reports 3 studies in which the authors examined (a) the distinctive characteristics of anger and Contempt responses and (b) the interpersonal causes and effects of both emotions. In the I st study, the authors examined the distinction between the 2 emotions; in the 2nd study, the authors tested whether contempt could be predicted from previous anger incidents with the same person; and in the 3rd study, the authors examined the effects of type of relationship on anger and contempt reactions. The results of the 3 studies show that anger and contempt often occur together but that there are clear distinctions between the 2 emotions: Anger is characterized more by short-term attack responses but long-term reconciliation, whereas contempt is characterized by rejection and social exclusion of the other person, both in the short-term and in the long-term. The authors also found that contempt may develop out of previously experienced anger and that a lack of intimacy with and perceived control over the behavior of the other person, as well as negative dispositional attributions about the other person, predicted the emergence of contempt.
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