Journal
ONCOGENE
Volume 26, Issue 31, Pages 4489-4498Publisher
NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1210241
Keywords
Hedgehog; Snail; Gli1; E-cadherin; beta-catenin; epithelial-mesenchymal transition
Funding
- NCI NIH HHS [CA094030, R01 CA094030, R01 CA094030-05, CA065686, R01 CA065686, R29 CA065686] Funding Source: Medline
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The Hedgehog pathway transcription factor Gli1 induces transformation of epithelial cells via induction of Snail, a repressor of E-cadherin (E-cad). E-cad is normally complexed with beta-catenin at the cell membrane. Loss of E-cad during developmental epithelial-mesenchymal transitions can switch beta-catenin from its role at adherens junctions to its role in nuclear transcription. During tumorigenesis it is unclear which pathways trigger this switch. In the current study, gain- and loss-of-function approaches identified E-cad as a selective inhibitor of transformation by Gli1, and Snail knockdown was rescued by downregulation of E-cad. Gli1 induced relocalization of beta-catenin from the cell membrane to the nucleus. The ability of wild-type or mutant alleles of E-cad to modulate transformation by Gli1 correlated with their ability to regulate localization of beta-catenin. Inhibition of Wnt-beta-catenin signaling by dominant negative Tcf4 selectively blocked in vitro transformation by Gli1. In Gli1-transgenic mice, infiltrating skin tumor cells expressed active, unphosphorylated beta-catenin. Our studies identify E-cad as a selective suppressor of transformation by Gli1 and point to the Sonic Hedgehog-Gli1 pathway as a key regulator of the beta-catenin switch in epithelial cells and cancers.
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