Adjuvant radiation therapy is associated with improved survival for gallbladder carcinoma with regional metastatic disease

Background: Gallbladder carcinoma is a rare malignancy and is associated with dismal outcomes. The aim of this study was to better define the role of adjuvant radiation therapy in the management of gallbladder carcinoma. Methods: The Surveillance, Epidemiological, and End Results (SEER) survey from the National Cancer Institute was queried from 1992 to 2002. Retrospective analysis was done. The end-point of the study was overall survival. Results: There were a total of 3,187 cases of gallbladder carcinoma in the registry from 1992 to 2002. Of the surgical group, 35% were stage I, 36% were stage II, 6% were stage III, and 21% were stage IV. Adjuvant radiation was used in 17% of the cases. The median survival for those patients receiving adjuvant radiation therapy was 14 months compared to an 8 months median survival for those treated without adjuvant radiation therapy (P <= 0.001). The survival benefit associated with radiation use was only presenting those patients with regional spread (P = 0.0001) and tumors infiltrating the liver (P = 0.011). Conclusion: The use of adjuvant radiation therapy is associated with improved survival in patients with locally advanced gallbladder cancer or gallbladder cancer with regional disease.