Molecular cloning and characterization of the complete acetylcholine sterase gene (Ace1) from the mosquito Aedes aegypti with implications for comparative genome analysis

Insensitive acetylcholinesterase (AChE) has been shown to be responsible for resistance to organophosphates and carbamates in a number of arthropod species. Some arthropod genomes contain a single Ace gene, while others including mosquitoes contain two genes, but only one confers insecticide resistance. Here we report the isolation of the full-length cDNA and characterization of the complete genomic DNA sequence for the Ace1 gene in the yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti. The Ace1 homolog in other mosquito species has been associated with insecticide resistance. The full-length cDNA consists of 2721 bp and contains a 2109 bp open reading frame that encodes a 702 amino acid protein. The amino acid sequence is highly conserved with that of other mosquitoes, including greater than 90% identity with Culex spp. and about 80% identity with Anopheles gambiae. The genomic DNA sequence includes 138,970bp and consists of eight exons with seven introns ranging from 59 to 114,350bp. Exons 2 and 8 show reduced amino acid conservation across mosquito species, while exons 3-7 are highly conserved. The Ace1 introns in Ae. aegypti reflect a high frequency of repetitive sequences that comprise about 45% of the total intron sequence. The Ace1 locus maps to the p-arm of chromosome 3, which corresponds to the orthologous genome regions in Culex spp. and An. gambiae. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.