Alkaloids from Galanthus nivalis

Phytochemical studies on Galanthus nivalis of Bulgarian origin resulted in the isolation of five compounds: 11-O-(3'-hydroxybutanoyl)hamayne, 3,11-O-(3',3-dihydroxybutanoyl)hamayne, 3-O-(2-butenoyl)-11-O-(3-hydroxybutanoyl)hamayne, 3,11,3''-O-(3',3'',3'''-trihydroxybutanoyl)hamayne, and 2-O-(3'-acetoxybutanoyl)lycorine, together with five known alkaloids: ungeremine, lycorine, tazettine, hamayne, and ismine. Their structures were determined by H-1 and C-13 NMR spectroscopy and two-dimensional H-1-H-1 and H-1- C-13 chemical shift correlation experiments. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.