Journal
BRITISH JOURNAL OF ANAESTHESIA
Volume 99, Issue 1, Pages 4-9Publisher
OXFORD UNIV PRESS
DOI: 10.1093/bja/aem131
Keywords
brain, cerebral blood flow; complications, vasospasm; head, trauma; inflammation; pathophysiology
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The knowledge of the pathophysiology after traumatic head injury is necessary for adequate and patient-oriented treatment. As the primary insult, which represents the direct mechanical damage, cannot be therapeutically influenced, target of the treatment is the limitation of the secondary damage (delayed non-mechanical damage). It is influenced by changes in cerebral blood flow (hypo- and hyperperfusion), impairment of cerebrovascular autoregulation, cerebral metabolic dysfunction and inadequate cerebral oxygenation. Furthermore, excitotoxic cell damage and inflammation may lead to apoptotic and necrotic cell death. Understanding the multidimensional cascade of secondary brain injury offers differentiated therapeutic options.
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