The inflammasome mediates UVB-Induced activation and secretion of interleukin-1β by keratinocytes

It has long been known that human keratinocytes are a potent source of the proinflammatory cytokines proIL-1 alpha and -1 beta [1], which are activated and released in response to UV irradiation [2]. However, the intracellular pathways, which regulate maturation and secretion of IL-1 in keratinocytes, are unknown. Here we show that the UVB-mediated enhancement of cytoplasmic Ca2+, is required for activation of the IL-1 beta-converting enzyme caspase-1 by the inflammasome, a multiprotein innate immune complex [3, 4]. Caspase-1 in turn activates proIL-1 beta, and keratinocytes secrete the cytokine as well as inflammasome components. These results demonstrate the presence of a proIL-1 beta-processing inflammasome in nonprofessional immune cells and the necessity of inflammasome components for the UVB-induced secretion of IL-1 beta. This supports the concept that keratinocytes are important immunocompetent cells under physiological and pathological conditions [5].