Mechanism of dynamitin-mediated disruption of dynactin

Dynamitin is a commonly used inhibitor of cytoplasmic dynein-based motility in living cells. Dynamitin does not inhibit dynein directly but instead acts by causing disassembly of dynactin, a multiprotein complex required for dynein-based movement. In dynactin, dynamitin is closely associated with the subunits p150(Glued) and p24, which together form the shoulder and projecting arm structures of the dynactin molecule. In this study, we explore the way in which exogenous dynamitin effects dynactin disruption. We find that pure, recombinant dynamitin is an elongated protein with a strong propensity for self-assembly. Titration experiments reveal that free dynamitin binds dynactin before it causes release of subunits. When dynamitin is added to dynactin at an equimolar ratio of exogenous dynamitin subunits to endogenous dynamitin subunits (1 x = 4 mol of exogenous dynamitin per mole of dynactin), exogenous dynamitin exchanges with endogenous dynamitin, and partial release of p150(Glued) is observed. When added in vast excess (>= 25 x; 100 mol of exogenous dynamitin per mole of dynactin), recombinant dynamitin causes complete release of both p150(Glued) subunits, two dynamitins and one p24, but not other dynactin subunits. Our data suggest that dynamitin mediates disruption of dynactin by binding to endogenous dynamitin subunits. This binding destabilizes the shoulder structure that links the p150(Glued) arm to the Arp1 filament and leads to subunit release.