The medtronic MiniMed gold continuous glucose monitoring system: An effective means to discover hypo- and Hyperglycemia in children under 7 years of age

Background: The glycemic patterns of children less than 7 years with type 1 diabetes have not been well studied using continuous glucose monitoring. Our goal was to assess the incidence of hypoglycernia as well as postprandial glycemic patterns in this age group utilizing continuous glucose monitoring. Methods: Nineteen children used the Medtronic MiniMed (Northridge, CA) CGMS((R)) System Gold (TM) on three to seven occasions over approximately 6 months. Results: Nineteen children (nine girls and 10 boys; mean age 4.8 +/- 1.4 years, range 1.6-6.8 years) used the CGMS 102 times, providing 434 days of data; 79% of days were optimal based on CGMS Solutions software version 3.0. Mild hypoglycernia (glucose <= 70 mg/dL) was noted during 28% of 323 nights. When compared to paired meter blood glucose values, the false-positive rate was 16% for mild and 55% for severe sensor hypoglycemia. The mean peak glucose during the 3 h following breakfast (247 +/- 64 mg/dL) was higher than following lunch (199 +/- 67 mg/dL) or dinner (194 +/- 63 rng/dL). The rate of glucose rise to peak was >= 2 mg/dL/min following 50% of breakfasts. Children with hemoglobin Alc levels >= 8% had higher postprandial glucose concentrations. There was no significant advantage of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion therapy over multiple daily injection therapy in decreasing postprandial hyperglycernia. Conclusions: CGMS tracings from young children with diabetes demonstrate frequent mild nocturnal hypoglycernia and significant postprandial hyperglycernia, with a rapid rise in glucose following the meal. The most rapid rate of rise and the most severe postprandial hyperglycemia occurred after breakfast.