4.7 Article

Fluorescent-protein-based probes: general principles and practices

Journal

ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
Volume 407, Issue 1, Pages 9-15

Publisher

SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
DOI: 10.1007/s00216-014-8236-3

Keywords

Fluorescent protein; Forster resonance energy transfer; Genetically encoded fluorescent probe; Reaction-based fluorescent probe

Funding

  1. University of California, Riverside
  2. National Science Foundation [CHE-1351933]
  3. Division Of Chemistry
  4. Direct For Mathematical & Physical Scien [1351933] Funding Source: National Science Foundation

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An important application of fluorescent proteins is to derive genetically encoded fluorescent probes that can actively respond to cellular dynamics such as pH change, redox signaling, calcium oscillation, enzyme activities, and membrane potential. Despite the large diverse group of fluorescent-protein-based probes, a few basic principles have been established and are shared by most of these probes. In this article, the focus is on these general principles and strategies that guide the development of fluorescent-protein-based probes. A few examples are provided in each category to illustrate the corresponding principles. Since these principles are quite straightforward, others may adapt them to create fluorescent probes for their own interest. Hopefully, the development of the ever-growing family of fluorescent-protein-based probes will no longer be limited to a small number of laboratories specialized in senor development, leading to the situation that biological studies will be bettered assisted by genetically encoded sensors.

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