Journal
TRENDS IN NEUROSCIENCES
Volume 30, Issue 8, Pages 407-416Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE LONDON
DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2007.06.005
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Funding
- Medical Research Council [MC_U105174197] Funding Source: Medline
- NIA NIH HHS [AG 13620] Funding Source: Medline
- MRC [MC_U105174197] Funding Source: UKRI
- Medical Research Council [MC_U105174197] Funding Source: researchfish
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AMPA-type (alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionate) glutamate receptors (AMPARs) mediate postsynaptic depolarization and fast excitatory transmission in the central nervous system. AMPARs are tetrameric ion channels that assemble in the endoplasmic reticulurn (ER) in a poorly understood process. The subunit composition determines channel conductance properties and gating kinetics, and also regulates vesicular traffic to and from synaptic sites, and is thus critical for synaptic function and plasticity. The distribution of functionally different AMPARs varies within and between neuronal circuits, and even within individual neurons. In addition, synapses employ channels with specific subunit stoichiometries, depending on the type of input and the frequency of stimulation. Taken together, it appears that assembly is not simply a stochastic process. Recently, progress has been made in understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying subunit assembly and receptor biogenesis in the ER. These processes ultimately determine the size and shape of the postsynaptic response, and are the subject of this review.
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