Journal
ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
Volume 405, Issue 21, Pages 6815-6822Publisher
SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
DOI: 10.1007/s00216-013-7107-7
Keywords
Cotinine; Trans-3 '-hydroxycotinine; Thin-layer chromatography; Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy
Funding
- Florida Department of Health
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The nicotine metabolites, cotinine and trans-3'-hydroxycotinine (3HC) are considered as superior biomarkers for identifying tobacco exposure. More importantly, the ratio of 3HC to cotinine is a good indicator to phenotype individuals for cytochrome P450 2A6 activity and to individualize pharmacotherapy for tobacco addiction. In this paper, a simple, robust and novel method based on surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy coupled with thin-layer chromatography (TLC) was developed to directly quantify the biomarkers in human urine samples. This is the first time surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) was used to detect cotinine and 3HC in urine samples. The linear dynamic range for the detection of cotinine is from 40 nM to 8 mu M while that of 3HC is from 1 mu M to 15 mu M. The detection limits are 10 nM and 0.2 mu M for cotinine and 3HC, respectively. The proposed method was further validated by quantifying the concentration of both cotinine and 3HC in smokers' urine samples. This TLC-SERS method allows the direct detection of cotinine in the urine samples of both active and passive smokers and the detection of 3HC in smokers.
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