Local voids as the origin of large-angle cosmic microwave background anomalies: The effect of a cosmological constant

We explore the large angular scale temperature anisotropies in the cosmic microwave background (CMB) due to homogeneous local dust-filled voids in a flat Friedmann-Robertson-Walker universe with a cosmological constant. In comparison with the equivalent dust-filled void model in the Einstein-de Sitter background, we find that the anisotropy for compensated asymptotically expanding local voids can be larger, because second-order effects enhance the linear integrated Sachs-Wolfe (ISW) effect. However, for local voids that expand sufficiently faster than the asymptotic velocity of the wall, the second-order effect can suppress the fluctuation due to the linear ISW effect. A pair of quasi-linear compensated asymptotic local voids with radius (2-3) x 10(2) h(-1) Mpc and a matter density contrast delta(m) similar to -0.3 can be observed as cold spots with a temperature anisotropy Delta T/T similar to O(10(-5)) that might help explain the observed large-angle CMB anomalies. We predict that the associated anisotropy in the local Hubble constant in the direction of the voids could be as large as a few percent.