Journal
ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
Volume 404, Issue 9, Pages 2699-2709Publisher
SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
DOI: 10.1007/s00216-012-6125-1
Keywords
Polyfluoroalkyl phosphoric acid diesters (diPAPs); Perfluoroalkyl phosphonic acids (PFPAs); Perfluoroalkyl phosphinic acids (PFPIAs); Perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCAs); Perfluoroalkane sulfonic acids (PFSAs); Great lakes; Fish; PFAS
Funding
- Health Canada through the Chemicals Management Plan Monitoring and Surveillance Fund
- Ontario Ministry of the Environment [89024]
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A comprehensive method to extract perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids, perfluoroalkane sulfonic acids, perfluoroalkyl phosphonic acids, perfluoroalkyl phosphinic acids, and polyfluoroalkyl phosphoric acid diesters simultaneously from fish samples has been developed. The recoveries of target compounds ranged from 78 % to 121 %. The new method was used to analyze lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) from the Great Lakes region. The results showed that the total perfluoroalkane sulfonate concentrations ranged from 0.1 to 145 ng/g (wet weight) with perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) as the dominant contaminant. Concentrations in fish between lakes were in the order of Lakes Ontario a parts per thousand Erie > Huron > Superior a parts per thousand Nipigon. The total perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acid concentrations ranged from 0.2 to 18.2 ng/g wet weight. The aggregate mean perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) concentration in fish across all lakes was 0.045 +/- 0.023 ng/g. Mean concentrations of PFOA were not significantly different (p > 0.1) among the five lakes. Perfluoroalkyl phosphinic acids were detected in lake trout from Lake Ontario, Lake Erie, and Lake Huron with concentration ranging from non-detect (ND) to 0.032 ng/g. Polyfluoroalkyl phosphoric acid diesters were detected only in lake trout from Lake Huron, at levels similar to perfluorooctanoic acid.
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