Mycorrhizal benefit in two low arctic herbs increases with increasing temperature

Climate change may influence the relationship between arctic plants and their symbiotic mycorrhizal fungi. The benefit of the symbiosis for the host plant affects vegetation succession and may be a key parameter in predicting vegetation responses to warming. We investigated the mycorrhizal benefit in the low arctic perennial herbs Potentilla crantzii and Ranunculus acris in symbiosis with the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus claroideum. Temperature response in the mycorrhiza-mediated acquisition of nitrogen (N) and phosphor-us (P), growth, and photosynthetic nutrient-use efficiency were determined. Near the average natural soil temperature (12 degrees C), mycorrhiza did not improve plant nutrient capture but significantly enhanced plant P capture at 17 degrees C. Photosynthetic nitrogen-use efficiency was higher at 17 degrees C than at 12 degrees C and was further increased by mycorrhiza at 17 degrees C. Photosynthetic phosphorus-use efficiency was not affected by temperature or mycorrhiza. Increasing the growing temperature by 5 degrees C increased the relative shoot growth rate by 15%. Mycorrhizal symbiosis did not enhance plant growth rate, but the plants gained between 20% and 90% more mycorrhiza-mediated P when grown at higher temperature. The results suggest that these low arctic species have good potential to respond positively to increasing temperatures.