Journal
ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
Volume 401, Issue 9, Pages 2965-2976Publisher
SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
DOI: 10.1007/s00216-011-5394-4
Keywords
Solid-phase microextraction; Coffee analysis; Coffee aroma; Gas chromatography; Headspace analysis; Ionic liquid
Funding
- Division of Chemistry
- Chemical, Environmental, Bioengineering, and Transport Systems Division from the National Science Foundation [CHE-0748612]
- Spanish Ministry of Innovation and Science (MICINN) [CTQ2008-06253/BQU]
- Canary Agency for Research and Innovation (ACIISI) [SolSubC20081000171]
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Two solid-phase microextraction (SPME) sorbent coatings based on polymeric ionic liquids (PILs) have been utilized for the analysis of complex coffee aroma samples. The PIL-based SPME coatings examined, namely, poly(1-(4-vinylbenzyl)-3-hexadecylimidazolium bis[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]imide) [poly(VBHDIm(+) NTf (2) (-) )], with similar to 14-mu m thickness, and poly(1-vinyl-3-hexylimidazolium chloride) [poly(ViHIm(+) Cl-)], with similar to 8-mu m thickness, were employed for the headspace determination of up to 49 analytes from four different coffee beans: two French roast coffees of different brands, Sumatra coffee, and decaffeinated Sumatra coffee. The analysis was conducted using gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. For comparative purposes, the commercial polyacrylate (PA, 85-mu m film thickness) SPME coating was utilized under the same extraction conditions. The three SPME coatings tested behaved quite differently as a function of the families of compounds extracted. Thus, the poly(VBHDIm(+) NTf (2) (-) ) coating was extremely selective for aldehydes while also exhibiting good extraction efficiencies for acids. The poly-(ViHIm(+) Cl-) coating exhibited superior performance for aromatic alcohols, and the PA coating worked better for heterocyclic aromatics. Both PIL-based SPME sorbent coatings demonstrated exceptional selectivity and extraction efficiency when dealing with complex coffee aromas in spite of their small film thicknesses.
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