Journal
FUNDAMENTAL & CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY
Volume 21, Issue 4, Pages 427-435Publisher
BLACKWELL PUBLISHING
DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-8206.2007.00504.x
Keywords
ABCB1 gene; AUC(0-12); CYP3A; polymorphisms; tacrolimus
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Tacrolimus, an immunosuppressant used after organ transplantation, has a narrow therapeutic range and its pharmacokinetic variability complicates its daily dose assessment. P-glycoprotein (P-gp), encoded by the adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette BI (ABCB1) and the cytochrome (CYP) 3A4 and 3A5 enzymes appears to play a role in the tacrolimus metabolism. In the present study, two different renal transplant recipient groups were used to examine the influence of ABCB1 and CYP3A polymorphisms on the daily tacrolimus dose and several pharmacokinetic parameters. In total 63 Caucasian renal transplant recipients divided into 26 early [median (range) of the days since transplantation - 16 (3-74)] and 3 7 late [median (range) of the days since transplantation - 1465) (453-4128)] post-transplant recipients were genotyped for ABCB1 and CYP3A polymorphisms. The pharmacokinetic parameters of tacrolimus were determined for all renal transplant recipients and correlated with their corresponding genotypes. A significant difference in allele frequencies of the CYP3A4*1B (P = 0.028) and CYP3A5*1 (P = 0.022) alleles was observed between the early and late post-transplant recipient groups. Significantly higher dose-normalized trough levels (dnC(O)), dose-normalized area under the curve (dnAUC(0-12)), and dose-normalized maximum concentration (dnC(max)) were observed for carriers of the CYP3A5*3 variant allele in both renal transplant patient groups. Except for the daily tacrolimus dose (P = 0.025) no significant differences were observed for carriers of the CYP3A4*1B variant allele. Neither the individual ABCB1 polymorphisms nor the ABCB1 haplotypes were associated with any pharmacokinetic parameter. We noticed that patients carrying a CYP3A5*1 allele require a twofold higher tacrolimus dose compared with homozygous carriers of the CYP3A5*3 variant allele to maintain the target dnAUC(0-12). Therefore, genotyping for the CYP3A5*3 variant allele can contribute to a better and more individualized immunosuppressive therapy in transplant patients.
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