Journal
MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN MEDICINE
Volume 58, Issue 2, Pages 236-244Publisher
JOHN WILEY & SONS INC
DOI: 10.1002/mrm.21287
Keywords
magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging; proton echo planar spectroscopic imaging; glutamate; spectral quantification; human brain
Funding
- NCRR NIH HHS [P41 RR08079] Funding Source: Medline
- NIDA NIH HHS [1 R01 DA14178-0] Funding Source: Medline
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In this multicenter study, 2D spatial mapping of J-coupled resonances at 3T and 4T was performed using short-TE (15 ms) proton echo-planar spectroscopic imaging (PEPSI). Water-suppressed (WS) data were acquired in 8.5 min with 1-cm(3) spatial resolution from a supraventricular axial slice. Optimized outer volume suppression (OVS) enabled mapping in close proximity to peripheral scalp regions. Constrained spectral fitting in reference to a non-WS (NWS) scan was performed with LCModel using correction for relaxation attenuation and partial-volume effects. The concentrations of total choline (tCho), creatine + phosphocreatine (Cr+PCr), glutamate (Glu), glutannate + glutamine (Glu+Gln), myo-inositol (ins), NAA, NAA+NAAG, and two macromolecular resonances at 0.9 and 2.0 ppm were mapped with mean Cramer-Rao lower bounds [CRLBs) between 6% and 18% and similar to 150-cm(3) sensitive volumes. Aspartate, GABA, glutamine (Gin), glutathione (GSH), phosphoethanolamine (PE), and macromolecules (MMs) at 1.2 ppm were also mapped, although with larger mean CRLBs between 30% and 44%. The CRLBs at 4T were 19% lower on average as compared to 3T, consistent with a higher signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and increased spectral resolution. Metabolite concentrations were in the ranges reported in previous studies. Glu concentration was significantly higher in gray matter (GM) compared to white matter (WM), as anticipated. The short acquisition time makes this methodology suitable for clinical studies.
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