4.5 Review

Ras oncogenes and their downstream targets

Journal

BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH
Volume 1773, Issue 8, Pages 1177-1195

Publisher

ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2007.01.012

Keywords

RAS; small GTPases; RAS effector pathways; mitogenic cascade; oncogenic signaling; mutational activation

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RAS proteins are small GTPases, which serve as master regulators of a myriad of signaling cascades involved in highly diverse cellular processes. RAS oncogenes have been originally discovered as retroviral oncogenes, and ever since constitutively activating RAS mutations have been identified in human tumors, they are in the focus of intense research. In this review, we summarize the biochemical properties of RAS proteins, trace down the evolution of RAS signaling and present an overview of the spatio-temporal activation of major RAS isoforms. We further discuss RAS effector pathways, their role in normal and transformed cell physiology and summarize ongoing attempts to interfere with aberrant RAS signaling. Finally, we comment on the role of micro RNAs in modulating RAS expression, contribution of RAS to stein cell function and on high-throughput analyses of RAS signaling networks. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

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