4.7 Review

Electrochemical detection of acetylcholine and choline: application to the quantitative nonradiochemical evaluation of choline transport

Journal

ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
Volume 392, Issue 4, Pages 651-662

Publisher

SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
DOI: 10.1007/s00216-008-2307-2

Keywords

acetylcholine; choline; capillary electrophoresis with electrochemical detection; enzyme microelectrodes; high-affinity choline transport; cholinergic inhibition

Funding

  1. National Institutes of Health [R15 NS35305]
  2. The University of Toledo
  3. Ohio Board of Regents
  4. NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS AND STROKE [R15NS035305] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER

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The development of analytical methods for determining the cholinergic biomarkers acetylcholine (ACh) and choline (Ch) is important for assessing their role in neurological and cognitive functions. In this review, electrochemical (EC) strategies to detect ACh and Ch are summarized and compared to other analysis methods. Recent research focusing on the development of a versatile nonradiochemical in vitro assay to evaluate Ch transport is also described. The assay coupled to analysis by capillary electrophoresis (CE) with indirect EC detection at an enzyme-modified microelectrode affords exceptional selectivity and sensitivity. Femtomole or lower mass detection limits for ACh (1 fmol) and Ch (100 amol) have been readily achieved, opening up a new range of possible experiments for investigating transport or turnover of Ch and ACh in neurobiological systems. The value of this method is illustrated through the evaluation of the pharmacological efficacy and mode of inhibition of a new class of quaternary ammonium alkyl-substituted catechol-based inhibitors of high-affinity choline transport (CHT). This microanalytical approach is particularly useful when knowledge of endogenous concentrations of Ch or ACh is desired or when the amount of available compounds or the sample size is limited. A brief description of the principles of CE is also provided.

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