Journal
ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA
Volume 821, Issue -, Pages 72-80Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2014.02.028
Keywords
Reference electrode; Decentralized measurements; Solid-contact potentiometric sensors
Categories
Funding
- European Union, Marie Curie Starting grant [PCIG09-GA-2011-293538]
- Fundacion Recercaixa
- Ministry of Science and Innovation (MICINN) of Spain
- Ramon y Cajal Programme and project [CTQ2010-18717]
- Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, FPI fellowship [BES2011-048297]
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A new solid-state reference electrode using a polymeric membrane of polyvinyl butyral (PVB), Ag/AgCl and NaCl to be used in decentralized chemical measurements is presented. The electrode is made by drop-casting the membrane cocktail onto a glassy carbon (GC) substrate. A stable potential (less than 1 mVdec (1)) over a wide range of concentrations for the several chemical species tested is obtained. No significant influence to changes in redox potential, light and pH are observed. The response of this novel electrode shows good correlation when compared with a conventional double-junction reference electrode. Also good long-term stability (90 +/- 33 mu V/h) and a lifetime of approximately 4 months are obtained. Aspects related to the working mechanisms are discussed. Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) studies reveal the presence of nanopores and channels on the surface, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) of optimized electrodes show low bulk resistances, usually in the k Omega range, suggesting that a nanoporous polymeric structure is formed in the interface with the solution. Future applications of this electrode as a disposable device for decentralized measurements are discussed. Examples of the utilization on wearable substrates (tattoos, fabrics, etc) are provided. a 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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