Degradation of azo dye Acid black 1 using low concentration iron of Fenton process facilitated by ultrasonic irradiation

A combination of ultrasonic and low concentration iron (< 3 mgL(-1)) of Fenton process (US/Fenton) has been used to treat wastewater containing Acid black 1 (AB1). The results show that the oxidation power of low concentration iron of Fenton could be significantly enhanced by ultrasonic irradiation. The degradation of ABI in aqueous solution by US/Fenton can receive better results compared with either Fenton oxidation or ultrasonic alone. Many operational parameters, such as ultrasonic power density, the pH value, the Fe(2+) dosage, the H(2)O(2) dosage, AB1 concentration and the temperature, affecting the degradation efficiency were investigated. Also, the effects of various inorganic anions (such as Cl(-), NO(3)(-), CO(3)(2-), etc.) on the oxidation efficiency of US/Fenton were studied. Under the given test conditions, 98.83% degradation efficiency was achieved after 30 min reaction by US/Fenton. The effect of various inorganic anions was in the following decreasing order: SO(3)(2-) > CH(3)COO(-) > Cl(-) > CO(3)(2-) > HCO(3)(-) > SO(4)(2-) > NO(3)(-). The results show that the US/Fenton can be an effective technology for the treatment of organic dyes in wastewater. (C) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.