Journal
MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
Volume 64, Issue 3, Pages 347-357Publisher
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2007.02.006
Keywords
antifouling paints; copper; scope for growth; Tapes philippinarum; Adriatic sea
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Copper is currently the most common biocide in antifouling paints. Levels of this metal were measured in the water, particulate matter and sediments from a shellfish farming area in the Sacca di Goro (Northern Adriatic Sea) over one year. With respect to the 1980s, copper environmental level increased twofold. The release of copper from shellfish farmer boats was also estimated to be > 250 kg Cu y(-1). Clams Tapes philippinarum were collected in the same area and seasonally exposed to a sublethal (10 mu g Cu l(-1)) concentration of copper. Physiological traits were significantly affected by copper exposure (scope for growth declined as a result of reduced clearance rate, increased oxygen consumption and a generally lower absorption efficiency). Results of this study are cause for concern for shellfish farming activities at least in Northern Adriatic, where shellfish farming is a monoculture of T. philippinarum. A strict interpretation of the precautionary principle might suggest that more rigorous regulatory action to control copper inputs in the field would be justified. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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