Journal
TOXICOLOGY IN VITRO
Volume 21, Issue 6, Pages 1058-1065Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2007.04.001
Keywords
genotoxicity; cytotoxicity; gasoline engine exhaust; methanol; vehicle emissions; micronucleus test; comet assay; ames test
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Gasoline engine exhaust has been considered a major source of air pollution in China, and methanol is considered as a potential substitute for gasoline fuel. In this study, the genotoxicity and cytotoxicity of organic extracts of condensate, particulate matters (PM) and semivolatile organic compounds (SVOC) of gasoline and absolute methanol engine exhaust were examined by using MTT assay, micronucleus assay, comet assay and Ames test. The results have showed that gasoline engine exhaust exhibited stronger cytotoxicity to human lung carcinoma cell lines (A549 cell) than methanol engine exhaust. Furthermore, gasoline engine exhaust increased micronucleus formation, induced DNA damage in A549 cells and increased TA98 revertants in the presence of metabolic activating enzymes in a concentration-dependent manner. In contrast, methanol engine exhaust failed to exhibit these adverse effects. The results suggest methanol may be used as a cleaner fuel for automobile. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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