Journal
ANALYST
Volume 138, Issue 1, Pages 123-128Publisher
ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
DOI: 10.1039/c2an36422k
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Funding
- National Science Foundation [CBET-1066531, CHE-1057562]
- NSERC Canada
- CALIT 2 Summer Undergraduate Scholarship Program
- NIH IMSD program
- NSERC for the Michael Smith Foreign Study supplement
- UCSD William J. von Liebig Center under the Southern California Clean Energy Technology Acceleration Program
- U.S. DOE
- Div Of Chem, Bioeng, Env, & Transp Sys
- Directorate For Engineering [1066531] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
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This article presents the fabrication and characterization of novel tattoo-based solid-contact ion-selective electrodes (ISEs) for non-invasive potentiometric monitoring of epidermal pH levels. The new fabrication approach combines commercially available temporary transfer tattoo paper with conventional screen printing and solid-contact polymer ISE methodologies. The resulting tattoo-based potentiometric sensors exhibit rapid and sensitive response to a wide range of pH changes with no carry-over effects. Furthermore, the tattoo ISE sensors endure repetitive mechanical deformation, which is a key requirement of wearable and epidermal sensors. The flexible and conformal nature of the tattoo sensors enable them to be mounted on nearly any exposed skin surface for real-time pH monitoring of the human perspiration, as illustrated from the response during a strenuous physical activity. The resulting tattoo-based ISE sensors offer considerable promise as wearable potentiometric sensors suitable for diverse applications.
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