Journal
CHEMOSPHERE
Volume 69, Issue 4, Pages 554-560Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2007.03.026
Keywords
diethylene glycol; gas installation platforms; produced formation water discharge; seawater; Nano-FIA-Direct-EI-MS; ESI-MS/MS
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Diethylene glycol (DEG) is extensively used on offshore-as platforms to prevent the hydrate formation during the gas-water separation process and to inhibit corrosion events. This chemical might enter in the marine environment via the produced formation water (PEW) discharge. In this study, a new approach was applied to the investigation of the DEG content in PEW discharges and seawater samples from four gas installation platforms in the Adriatic Sea (Italy). The method includes an off-line solid-phase extraction/preconcentration technique, followed by a nanoscale flow injection/direct-electron ionization (EI) mass spectrometric analysis. Direct-EI is a novel and miniaturized interface for directly coupling a liquid chromatograph with an electron ionization mass spectrometer. The capability to acquire El spectra, and to operate in selected ion monitoring mode during actual sample analyses, allowed a precise quantification of DEG with a method limit of detection of 31 mu g/l. In addition, a careful evaluation of the matrix effect showed that, as opposed to electrospray ionization, the response of the Direct-EI interface was not affected by sample interferences. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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