Journal
VIROLOGY
Volume 365, Issue 2, Pages 302-314Publisher
ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2007.04.005
Keywords
restriction; multimerization; Fvl; arfaptin2; cyclophilin A
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Funding
- Medical Research Council [MC_U117512710, MC_U117565647] Funding Source: researchfish
- Medical Research Council [MC_U117512710, MC_U117565647] Funding Source: Medline
- MRC [MC_U117565647, MC_U117512710] Funding Source: UKRI
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In addition to the ability to bind the retroviral capsid protein, the retroviral restriction factors Fv1, Trim5 alpha and Trim5-CypA share the common property of containing sequences that promote self-association. Otherwise Fv1 and Trim5 alpha appear unrelated. Mutational analyses showed that restriction was invariably lost when changes designed to disrupt the sequences responsible for multimerization were introduced. A novel restriction protein could be obtained by substituting sequences from the self-associating domain of Fv1 for the Trim5 sequences in Trim5-CypA. Similarly, a fusion protein containing cyclophilin A joined to arfaptin2, a protein known to form extended dimers, was also shown to restrict HIV-1. Hence, multimerization of a capsid-binding domain could be the common minimum design feature for capsid-dependent retroviral restriction factors. However, not all domains that promote multimerization can substitute for the N-terminal domains of Fv1 and Trim5 alpha. Moreover, only CypA can provide a capsid-binding site with different N-terminal domains. It is suggested that the spatial relationship between the multiple target binding sites may be important for restriction. (C) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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