Correlation of in vitro and in vivo plasma protein binding using ultracentrifugation and UPLC-tandem mass spectrometry

The aim of the present study is to develop and demonstrate the correlation between in vitro and in vivo Plasma Protein Binding (PPB) using the ultracentrifugation method for its validation by using marketed compounds like atenolol, theophylline and phenytoin. In this study, in vitro PPB is carried out using ultracentrifugation, by spiking the selected marketed compounds at concentrations of 5 and 15 mu M in plasma. In an in vivo study, rats (n = 3) were given a single oral dose (10 mg kg(-1)) and post-dose samples were subjected to ultracentrifugation to obtain the protein-free fraction. A rapid and highly sensitive method was developed and validated for determining the free fraction of marketed compounds in rat plasma using protein precipitation and analysis using an ultra performance liquid chromatography electrospray ionization (ESI) tandem mass spectrometer system (UPLC-MS/MS). The in vitro free fraction (f(up)) values were 0.93 +/- 0.07 for atenolol, 0.31 +/- 0.03 for theophylline and 0.09 +/- 0.02 for phenytoin which correlated well with the corresponding in vivo values of 0.91 +/- 0.03 for atenolol, 0.25 +/- 0.02 for theophylline and 0.09 +/- 0.01 for phenytoin with a coefficient of variation less than 11.06%, 11.45% and 13.67%, respectively. Therefore the validated high-throughput in vitro PPB study is expected to have a powerful impact on reducing the cost as well as time in the drug discovery process.