Journal
BIOMATERIALS
Volume 28, Issue 25, Pages 3594-3607Publisher
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2007.03.024
Keywords
biosensor; cell encapsulation; foreign body response; neural prosthesis
Funding
- NIBIB NIH HHS [P41 EB002030] Funding Source: Medline
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This study investigated relationships between a microscale neural probe's size and shape and its chronic reactive tissue response. Parylene-based probes were microfabricated with a thick shank (48 mu m by 68 mu m) and an integrated thin lateral platform (5 mu m by 100 pm, either solid or one of three lattice sizes). Devices were implanted in rat cerebral cortex for 4 weeks before immunostaining for neurons, astrocytes, microglia, fibronectin, laminin, and neurofilament. While nonneuronal density (NND) generally increased and neuronal density decreased within 75 mu m of a probe interface compared to unimplanted control regions, there were significant differential tissue responses within 25 mu m of the platform's lateral edge compared to the shank. The NND in this region of the lateral edge was less than one-third of the corresponding region of the shank (129% and 425% increase, respectively). Moreover, neuronal density around the platform lateral edge was about one-third higher than at the shank (0.70 and 0.52 relative to control, respectively). Also, microglia reactivity and extracellular protein deposition was reduced at the lateral edge. There were no significant differences among platform designs. These results suggest that neural probe geometry is an important parameter for reducing chronic tissue encapsulation. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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