Z2 topological term, the global anomaly, and the two-dimensional symplectic symmetry class of anderson localization

We discuss, for a two-dimensional Dirac Hamiltonian with a random scalar potential, the presence of a Z(2) topological term in the nonlinear sigma model encoding the physics of Anderson localization in the symplectic symmetry class. The Z(2) topological term realizes the sign of the Pfaffian of a family of Dirac operators. We compute the corresponding global anomaly, i.e., the change in the sign of the Pfaffian by studying a spectral flow numerically. This Z(2) topological effect can be relevant to graphene when the impurity potential is long ranged and, also, to the two-dimensional boundaries of a three-dimensional lattice model of Z(2) topological insulators in the symplectic symmetry class.