Endothelialization of titanium surfaces

An interfacial peptide coating possessing domains that bind to Ti and endothelial cells is synthesized (see figure). Peptides with specific adherence to Ti are identified using phage display, and the RGD motif was selected for cell binding. The peptide can be applied from aqueous solution and possesses micromolar binding affinities. The coating significantly enhances endothelial cell adhesion and spreading under both static and dynamic conditions.