Journal
ONCOGENE
Volume 26, Issue 44, Pages 6420-6430Publisher
NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1210470
Keywords
apoptosis; IRF-1; breast cancer; FADD
Funding
- NCI NIH HHS [CA098403] Funding Source: Medline
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Interferon (IFN) regulatory factor-1 (IRF-1) is a transcription factor that has apoptotic anti-tumor activity. In breast cancer cell types, IRF-1 is implicated in mediating apoptosis by both novel and established anti-tumor agents, including the anti-estrogens tamoxifen and faslodex. Here we demonstrate that in MDA468 breast cancer cells, apoptosis by IFN-gamma is mediated by IRF-1 and IFN-gamma, and IRF-1-induced apoptosis is caspase-mediated. IRF-1 induction results in cleavage of caspase-8, -3 and -7, and application of caspase inhibitors attenuate activated cleavage products. IRF-1-induced apoptosis involves caspase-8 since apoptosis is significantly decreased by the caspase-8-specific inhibitor IETD, c-FLIP expression and in caspase-8-deficient cancer cells. Furthermore, we demonstrate that IRF-1-induced apoptosis requires fas-associated death domain (FADD) since dominant-negative FADD expressing cells resist IRF-1-induced apoptosis and activated downstream products. Immunofluorescent studies demonstrate perinuclear colocalization of FADD and caspase-8. Despite the known role of FADD in mediating death-ligand induced apoptosis, neutralizing antibodies against classical death receptors do not inhibit IRF-1 induced apoptosis, and no secreted ligand appears to be involved since MDA468 coincubated with IRF-1 transfected cells do not apoptose. Therefore, we demonstrate that IRF-1 induces a ligand-independent FADD/caspase-8-mediated apoptosis in breast cancer cells.
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