Understanding and approaches for the durability issues of Pt-based catalysts for PEM fuel cell

The state-of-art understanding of durability issues (the degradation reasons and mechanisms, the influence of working conditions, etc.) of Pt-based catalysts for proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) and the approaches for improving and studying catalyst durability are reviewed. Both carbon support and catalytic metals degrade under PEMFC conditions, respectively, through the oxidation of carbon and the agglomerate and the detachment from support materials of catalytic metals, especially under unnormal working conditions; furthermore, the degradation of carbon support and catalytic metals interact with and exacerbate one another. The working temperature, humidity, cell voltage (the electrode potential and the mode applied on the electrode), etc. can influence the catalyst durability. Carbons with high graphitization degree as support materials and alloying Pt with some other metals are proved to be effective ways to improve the catalyst durability. Time-effective and reliable methods for studying catalyst durability are indispensable for developing PEMFC catalysts. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.