Journal
ENERGY POLICY
Volume 35, Issue 10, Pages 4772-4778Publisher
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.enpol.2007.03.032
Keywords
energy use; pollutant emissions; multivariate causality; France
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This paper examines the dynamic causal relationships between pollutant emissions, energy consumption, and output for France using cointegration and vector error-correction modelling techniques. We argue that these variables are strongly inter-related and therefore their relationship must be examined using an integrated framework. The results provide evidence for the existence of a fairly robust long-run relationship between these variables for the period 1960-2000. The causality results support the argument that economic growth exerts a causal influence on growth of energy use and growth of pollution in the long run. The results also point to a uni-directional causality running from growth of energy use to output growth in the short run. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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