Journal
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE
Volume 204, Issue 10, Pages 2267-2275Publisher
ROCKEFELLER UNIV PRESS
DOI: 10.1084/jem.20070525
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Funding
- NIAID NIH HHS [AI56296, AI32412, R01 AI032412, P01 AI056296] Funding Source: Medline
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Dendritic cells ( DCs) play a critical role in the initiation, maintenance, and resolution of an immune response. DC survival is tightly controlled by extracellular stimuli such as cytokines and Toll- like receptor ( TLR) signaling, but the intracellular events that translate such extracellular stimuli into life or death for the DC remain poorly understood. The endoplasmic reticulum ( ER) stress, or unfolded protein response ( UPR), is a signaling pathway that is activated when unfolded proteins accumulate in the ER. The most conserved arm of the UPR involves IRE1 alpha, an ER transmembrane kinase and endoribonuclease that activates the transcription factor XBP- 1 to maintain ER homeostasis and prevent activation of cell death pathways caused by sustained ER stress. We report that XBP- 1 is essential for DC development and survival. Lymphoid chimeras lacking XBP- 1 possessed decreased numbers of both conventional and plasmacytoid DCs with reduced survival both at baseline and in response to TLR signaling. Overexpression of XBP- 1 in hematopoietic progenitors rescued and enhanced DC development. Remarkably, in contrast to other cell types we have examined, the XBP- 1 pathway was constitutively activated in immature DCs.
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