Journal
NANOMEDICINE
Volume 2, Issue 5, Pages 599-614Publisher
FUTURE MEDICINE LTD
DOI: 10.2217/17435889.2.5.599
Keywords
coordinated biosensor; cytochrome C; DNA; dopamine; glucose; hydrogen peroxide; modified electrodes; modified nanoelectrode arrays; modified nanoelectrode ensembles; nanobiosensor; nanotoxicity
Funding
- NIAID NIH HHS [U19 AI070453] Funding Source: Medline
- NIEHS NIH HHS [R01 ES10553, R01 ES10253, R01 ES015498] Funding Source: Medline
- NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM066466] Funding Source: Medline
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In this review, we summarize recent developments in nanobiosensors and their applications in biology and potential in medical diagnostics. We first highlight the concept of coordinated nanobiosensors, which integrate desirable properties of the individual components: protein machinery for sensitivity and specificity of binding, pepticle or nucleic acid chemistry for aligning the various electron-transducing units and the nanoelectrodes for enhancing sensitivity in electronic detection. The fundamental basis of coordinated nanobiosensing is in applying the precise 3D atomic resolution structural information to rationally design and fabricate biosensors with high specificity and sensitivity. Additionally, we describe several biosensors developed for detecting biologically relevant compounds, including those for hydrogen peroxide, dopamine, glucose, DNA and cytochrome C. Results from these systems highlight the potential advantages of using nanoscale biosensors and how further developments in this area will change biomedical diagnostics and treatments drastically.
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