Journal
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Volume 104, Issue 41, Pages 16204-16208Publisher
NATL ACAD SCIENCES
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0707177104
Keywords
caddisflies; genetically modified crops
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Corn (Zea mays Q that has been genetically engineered to produce the Cry1Ab protein (Bt corn) is resistant to lepiclopteran pests. Bt corn is widely planted in the midwestern United States, often adjacent to headwater streams. We show that corn byproducts, such as pollen and detritus, enter headwater streams and are subject to storage, consumption, and transport to downstream water bodies. Laboratory feeding trials showed that consumption of Bt corn byproducts reduced growth and increased mortality of nontarget stream insects. Stream insects are important prey for aquatic and riparian predators, and widespread planting of Bt crops has unexpected ecosystem-scale consequences.
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