Treating schizophrenia symptoms with an α7 nicotinic agonist, from mice to men

Current antipsychotic treatments fail to fully address the range of symptoms of schizophrenia, particularly with respect to social and occupational dysfunctions. Recent work has highlighted the role of nicotinie in both cognitive and attentional deficits as well as deficient processing of repetitive sensory information. The predilection for schizophrenia patients to be extremely heavy cigarette smokers may be related to their attempt to compensate for a reduction in hippocampal alpha 7 nicotinic cholinergic receptors by delivering exogenous ligand to the remaining receptors. Studies in rodent models of both learning and memory deficits and deficits in sensory inhibition have confirmed a role for the alpha 7 subtype of the nicotinic cholinergic receptor in these processes. Rodent studies also demonstrated the efficacy of a selective partial alpha 7 nicotinic agonist, DMXBA, to improve these deficits. Subsequent human clinical trials demonstrated improved sensory inhibition in 12 schizophrenia patients and showed improvement in several subtests of the RBANS learning and memory assessment instrument. These data suggest that therapeutic agents selected for alpha 7 nicotinic activity may have utility in treating certain symptoms of schizophrenia. (C) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.