Prevalence of depressive symptoms and syndromes in later life in ten European countries - The SHARE study

Background The EURO-D,a 12-item self-report questionnaire for depression, was developed with the aim of facilitating cross-cultural research into late-life depression in Europe. Aims To describe the national variation in depression symptoms and syndrome prevalence across ten European countries. Method The EURO-D was administered to cross-sectional nationally representative samples of non-institutionalised persons aged >= 50 years (n=22 777). The effects of age, gender, education and cognitive functioning on individual symptoms and EURO-D factor scores were estimated. Country-specific depression prevalence rates and mean factor scores were re-estimated, adjusted for these compositional effects. Results The prevalence of all symptoms was higher in the Latin ethno-lingual group of countries, especially symptoms related to motivation.Women scored higher on affective suffering; older people and those with impaired verbal fluency scored higher on motivation. Conclusions The prevalence of individual EURO-D symptoms and of probable depression (cut-off score >= 4) varied consistently between countries. Standardising for effects of age, gender, education and cognitive function suggested that these compositional factors did not account for the observed variation.