Journal
AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS
Volume 10, Issue -, Pages 79-84Publisher
TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
DOI: 10.3109/17482960903272967
Keywords
BMAA; cyanobacteria; cyanotoxins; DAB; LC-MSMS
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Funding
- Netherlands Organization for Scientifi c Research (NWO)
- Ministry of Transport, Public Works and Water Management
- Directorate-General for Public Works and Water Management
- Centre for Water Management
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We aimed to determine concentrations of the neurotoxic amino acids beta-N-methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA) and alpha-,gamma-diaminobutyric acid (DAB) in mixed species scum material from Dutch urban waters that suffer from cyanobacterial blooms. BMAA and DAB were analysed in scum material without derivatization by LC-MSMS (liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry) using hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC). Our method showed high selectivity, good recovery of added compounds after sample extraction (86% for BMAA and 85% for DAB), acceptable recovery after sample hydrolysation (70% for BMAA and 56% for DAB) and acceptable precision. BMAA and DAB could be detected at an injected amount of 0.34 pmol. Free BMAA was detected in nine of the 21 sampled locations with a maximum concentration of 42 mu g/g DW. Free DAB was detected in two locations with a maximum concentration of 4 mu g/g DW. No protein-associated forms were detected. This study is the first to detect underivatized BMAA in cyanobacterial scum material using LC-MSMS. Ubiquity of BMAA in cyanobacteria scums of Dutch urban waters could not be confirmed, where BMAA and DAB concentrations were relatively low; however, co-occurrence with other cyanobacterial neurotoxins might pose a serious health risk including chronic effects from low-level doses.
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