Journal
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER
Volume 121, Issue 9, Pages 2073-2083Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1002/ijc.22897
Keywords
actein; black cohosh; endoplasmic reticulum; microarray; triterpene glycoside
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Funding
- NCCIH NIH HHS [K01 AT001692-01A2, 3P50 AT00090-02S2] Funding Source: Medline
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Previous studies indicate that the triterpene glycoside actein from the herb black cohosh inhibits growth of human breast cancer cells. This study seeks to identify genes altered in human breast cancer cells by treatment with actein, using gene expression analysis. We treated MDA-MB-453 human breast cancer cells with actein, at 2 doses, 20 or 40 mu g/mL, for 6 or 24 hr. We identified 5 genes that were activated after each of the treatments that are known to play a role in cellular responses to diverse stresses, including the DNA damage and unfolded protein responses. In addition, four genes that mediate the integrated stress response (ISR), including activating transcription factor 4, were induced under, apt least one of the 4 treatment conditions. We used hierarchical, clustering to define clusters comprising patterns of gene expression. Two ISR genes, activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) and DNA damage- inducible transcript 3, and lipid biosynthetic genes were activated after exposure to actein at 40 mu g/mL for 6 hr, whereas the cell cycle genes cyclin E2 and cell division cycle 25A were repressed. Our results suggest that actein induces 2 phases of the ISR, the survival phase and the apoptotic phase, depending on the dose and duration of treatment. We confirmed the results of gene expression analysis with real-time RTPCR for 18 selected genes and Western blot analysis for ATF3. Since actein activated transcription factors that enhance apoptosis, and repressed cell cycle genes, it may be useful in the prevention and therapy of breast cancer. (c) 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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