Journal
BRAIN RESEARCH REVIEWS
Volume 56, Issue 1, Pages 259-269Publisher
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresrev.2007.07.021
Keywords
top-down; development; cochlear implant; deafness; auditory cortex; reversed hierarchy
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Funding
- NIDCD NIH HHS [1 R03 DC006168-01] Funding Source: Medline
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Sensory and environmental manipulations affect the development of sensory systems. Higher-order auditory representations (auditory categories or objects) evolve with experience and via top-down influences modify representations in early auditory areas. During development of a functional auditory system, the capacity for bottom-up reorganizations is successively less well expressed due to a molecular change in synaptic properties. It is, however, complemented by top-down influences that direct and modulate the residual (adult) capacity for circuit reorganization. In a deprived condition, this developmental step is substantially affected. As higher-order representations cannot be established in absence of auditory experience, the developmental decrease in capacity for bottom-up regulated reorganizations (as repeatedly demonstrated in also in deprived sensory systems) cannot be complemented by an increasing influence of top-down modulations. In consequence, the ability to learn is compromised in sensory deprivation, resulting in a sensitive period for recovery. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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