Journal
JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY
Volume 103, Issue 5, Pages 1744-1751Publisher
AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00679.2007
Keywords
muscle ring finger-1; atrogin-1; myostatin; interleukin-6; interleukin-8
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Funding
- NIA NIH HHS [AG18409] Funding Source: Medline
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The aim of this study was to examine the time course induction of select proteolytic [ muscle ring finger- 1 ( MuRF- 1), atrogin- 1, forkhead box 3A ( FOXO3A), calpain- 1, calpain- 2], myostatin, and cytokine ( IL - 6, - 8, - 15, and TNF-alpha) mRNA after an acute bout of resistance ( RE) or run ( RUN) exercise. Six experienced RE ( 25 +/- 4 yr, 74 +/- 14 kg, 1.71 +/- 0.11 m) and RUN ( 25 +/- 4 yr, 72 +/- 5 kg, 1.81 +/- 0.07 m) subjects had muscle biopsies from the vastus lateralis ( RE) or gastrocnemius ( RUN) before, immediately after, and 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, and 24 h postexercise. RE increased ( P < 0.05) mRNA expression of MuRF- 1 early ( 3.5- fold, 1 - 4 h), followed by a decrease in atrogin- 1 ( 3.3- fold) and FOXO3A ( 1.7- fold) 8 - 12 h postexercise. Myostatin mRNA decreased ( 6.3- fold; P < 0.05) from 1 to 24 h postexercise, whereas IL- 6, IL- 8, and TNF-alpha mRNA were elevated 2 - 12 h. RUN increased ( P < 0.05) MuRF- 1 ( 3.6- fold), atrogin- 1 ( 1.6- fold), and FOXO3A ( 1.9- fold) 1 - 4 h postexercise. Myostatin was suppressed ( 3.6- fold; P < 0.05) 8 - 12 h post- RUN. The cytokines exhibited a biphasic response, with immediate elevation ( P < 0.05) of IL- 6, IL- 8, and TNF-alpha, followed by a second elevation ( P < 0.05) 2 - 24 h postexercise. In general, the timing of the gene induction indicated early elevation of proteolytic genes, followed by prolonged elevation of cytokines and suppression of myostatin. These data provide basic information for the timing of human muscle biopsy samples for gene expression studies involving exercise. Furthermore, this information suggests a greater induction of proteolytic genes following RUN compared with RE.
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